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Sample of UCLA course textbooks for Fall 2018

Source: R/data-ucla_textbooks_f18.R
ucla_textbooks_f18.Rd

A sample of courses were collected from UCLA from Fall 2018, and the corresponding textbook prices were collected from the UCLA bookstore and also from Amazon.

Usage

ucla_textbooks_f18

Format

A data frame with 201 observations on the following 20 variables.

year

Year the course was offered

term

Term the course was offered

subject

Subject

subject_abbr

Subject abbreviation, if any

course

Course name

course_num

Course number, complete

course_numeric

Course number, numeric only

seminar

Boolean for if this is a seminar course.

ind_study

Boolean for if this is some form of independent study

apprenticeship

Boolean for if this is an apprenticeship

internship

Boolean for if this is an internship

honors_contracts

Boolean for if this is an honors contracts course

laboratory

Boolean for if this is a lab

special_topic

Boolean for if this is any of the special types of courses listed

textbook_isbn

Textbook ISBN

bookstore_new

New price at the UCLA bookstore

bookstore_used

Used price at the UCLA bookstore

amazon_new

New price sold by Amazon

amazon_used

Used price sold by Amazon

notes

Any relevant notes

Source

https://sa.ucla.edu/ro/public/soc

https://ucla.verbacompare.com

https://www.amazon.com

Details

A past dataset was collected from UCLA courses in Spring 2010, and Amazon at that time was found to be almost uniformly lower than those of the UCLA bookstore's. Now in 2018, the UCLA bookstore is about even with Amazon on the vast majority of titles, and there is no statistical difference in the sample data.

The most expensive book required for the course was generally used.

The reason why we advocate for using raw amount differences instead of percent differences is that a 20\ to a 20\ price difference on low-priced books would balance numerically (but not in a practical sense) a moderate but important price difference on more expensive books. So while this tends to result in a bit less sensitivity in detecting some effect, we believe the absolute difference compares prices in a more meaningful way.

Used prices contain the shipping cost but do not contain tax. The used prices are a more nuanced comparison, since these are all 3rd party sellers. Amazon is often more a marketplace than a retail site at this point, and many people buy from 3rd party sellers on Amazon now without realizing it. The relationship Amazon has with 3rd party sellers is also challenging. Given the frequently changing dynamics in this space, we don't think any analysis here will be very reliable for long term insights since products from these sellers changes frequently in quantity and price. For this reason, we focus only on new books sold directly by Amazon in our comparison. In a future round of data collection, it may be interesting to explore whether the dynamics have changed in the used market.

See also

textbooks, ucla_f18

Examples


library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

ggplot(ucla_textbooks_f18, aes(x = bookstore_new, y = amazon_new)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_abline(slope = 1, intercept = 0, color = "orange") +
  labs(
    x = "UCLA Bookstore price", y = "Amazon price",
    title = "Amazon vs. UCLA Bookstore prices of new textbooks",
    subtitle = "Orange line represents y = x"
  )
#> Warning: Removed 133 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
#> (`geom_point()`).


# The following outliers were double checked for accuracy
ucla_textbooks_f18_with_diff <- ucla_textbooks_f18 |>
  mutate(diff = bookstore_new - amazon_new)

ucla_textbooks_f18_with_diff |>
  filter(diff > 20 | diff < -20)
#> # A tibble: 6 × 21
#>    year term  subject      subject_abbr course course_num course_numeric seminar
#>   <dbl> <fct> <fct>        <fct>        <fct>  <fct>               <int> <lgl>  
#> 1  2018 Fall  Film and Te… FILM TV      Intro… 4                       4 FALSE  
#> 2  2018 Fall  Nursing      NA           Intro… 10                     10 FALSE  
#> 3  2018 Fall  English Com… ENGCOMP      Intro… 1                       1 FALSE  
#> 4  2018 Fall  Life Scienc… LIFESCI      Life:… 15                     15 FALSE  
#> 5  2018 Fall  Nursing      NA           Patho… 54B                    54 FALSE  
#> 6  2018 Fall  Earth, Plan… EPS SCI      Intro… 1                       1 FALSE  
#> # ℹ 13 more variables: ind_study <lgl>, apprenticeship <lgl>, internship <lgl>,
#> #   honors_contracts <lgl>, laboratory <lgl>, special_topic <lgl>,
#> #   textbook_isbn <chr>, bookstore_new <dbl>, bookstore_used <dbl>,
#> #   amazon_new <dbl>, amazon_used <dbl>, notes <fct>, diff <dbl>

# Distribution of price differences
ggplot(ucla_textbooks_f18_with_diff, aes(x = diff)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 5)
#> Warning: Removed 133 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_bin()`).


# t-test of price differences
t.test(ucla_textbooks_f18_with_diff$diff)
#> 
#> 	One Sample t-test
#> 
#> data:  ucla_textbooks_f18_with_diff$diff
#> t = 2.2012, df = 67, p-value = 0.03117
#> alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 0
#> 95 percent confidence interval:
#>  0.3340641 6.8324064
#> sample estimates:
#> mean of x 
#>  3.583235 
#>